Compound Sentence

	Lesson 76 (pp. 132–133)	A Clause is a part of a sentence containing a subject and its predicate. A Dependent Clause is one used as an adjective, and adverb, or a noun. An Independent Clause is one not dependent on another clause. A Simple Sentence is a sentence that contains but one subject and one predicate, either or both of which may be compound. A Complex Sentence is a sentence composed of an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. A Compound Sentence is a sentence composed of two or more independent clauses.
Exercises (Lesson 76: compound sentence) Diagram the following:
	Lesson 76 (p. 132–134)	Independent Clauses in the same line of thought. The normal conjunction connecting such clauses is and. These are conjunctive clauses.
1.	Light has spread, and bayonets think.	Explanation.— The clauses are of equal rank, and so the lines on which they stand are shaded alike, and the line connecting them is not slanting. As one entire clause is connected with the other, the connecting line is drawn between the predicates merely for convenience.
2. Hamilton smote the rock of the national resources, and abundant streams of revenue gushed forth. 3. Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them.
	Lesson 76 (pp. 134, 135)	Independent Clauses expressing thoughts in contrast. The normal conjunction connecting such clauses is but. These are adversative clauses.
4. The man dies, but his memory lives. 5. Put not your trust in money, but put your money in trust. 6. Ready writing makes not good writing, but good writing brings on ready writing.
		Independent Clauses expressing thoughts in alternation. The normal conjunction connecting such clauses is or. These are disjunctive clauses.
7. Be temperate in youth, or you will have to be abstinent in old age. 8. Places near the sea are not extremely cold in winter, nor are they extremely warm in summer. 9. Either Hamlet was mad, or he feigned madness admirably.
		Independent Clauses expressing thoughts one of which is an inference from the other. The normal conjunction connecting such clauses is therefore. These are illative clauses.
10. People in the streets are carrying umbrellas, hence it must be raining.
11.	I have seen, therefore I believe.	Explanation.— In such constructions and may be supplied, or the adverb may be regarded as the connective. The diagram illustrates therefore as connective.
	Lesson 76 (p. 135)	Independent Clauses joined in the sentence without a conjunction. Such clauses are joined by asyndeton and can be of any of the above classes.
12. The camel is the ship of the ocean of sand; the raindeer is the camel of the desert of snow. 13. Of thy unspoken word thou art master; thy spoken word is master of thee.
14.	The ship leaps, as it were, from billow to billow.	Explanation.— As it were is an independent clause used parenthetically. As simply introduces it. It seems that the as could be taken as a connective and sentence adverb in the same way as the authors take therefore and hence.
15. Religion—who can doubt it?—is the noblest of themes for the exercise of intellect. 16. What grave (these are the words of Wellesley, speaking of the two Pitts) contains such a father and such a son!
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	Lesson 78 (pp. 139–142)	The clauses of complex and compound sentences may themselves be complex or compound.
Exercises (Lesson 78: complex & compound clauses) Diagram the following:
1. Sin has a great many tools, but a lie is a handle which fits them all. 2. Someone has said that the milkman’s favorite song should be, “Shall we gather at the river?”
3.	Some of the insects which are most admired, which are decorated with the most brilliant colors, and which soar on the most ethereal wings, have passed the greater portion of their lives in the bowels of the earth.	Explanation.— The first diagram illustrates the analysis of the compound adjective clause. Each adjective clause is connected to insects by which. And connects the co-ordinate clauses.
a.	The hour had passed and the opportunity had escaped while he tarried.	Explanation.— The second diagram shows that the clause while he tarried modifies both predicates of the independent clauses. While modifies had passed, had escaped, and tarried, as illustrated by the short lines under the first two verbs and the line over tarried. The office of while as connective is shown by the dotted lines. Treating adverbial clauses as adverbial nouns neccessitates a little more complicated diagram than the one just described.
b.	He proved that the earth is round and that it revolves.	Explanation.— This diagram illustrates the analysis of a complex sentence containing a compound noun clause.
4. Still the wonder grew, that one small head could carry all he knew. 5. When a man becomes overheated by working, running, rowing, or making furious speeches, the six or seven millions of perspiration tubes pour out their fluid, and the whole body is bathed and cooled. 6. Milton said that he did not educate his daughters in the languages, because one tongue* was enough for a woman. 7. Glaciers, flowing down mountain gorges, obey the law of rivers; the upper surface flows faster than the lower, and the center faster than the adjacent sides. 8. Not to wear one’s best things every day is a maxim of New England thrift, which is as little disputed as any verse in the catechism. 9. In Holland the stork is protected by law, because it eats the frogs and worms that would injure the dikes. 10. It is one of the most marvelous facts in the natural world that, though hydrogen is highly inflammable, and oxygen is a supporter of combustion, both, combined, form a compound, water, which is destructive to fire. 11. In your war of 1812, when your arms on shore were covered by disaster, when Winchester had been defeated, when the Army of the Northwest had surrendered, and when the gloom of despondency hung, like a cloud, over the land, who first relit the fires of national glory, and made the welkin ring with the shouts of victory?+ *In tongue, as here used, we have a Pun—a witty expression in which a word agreeing in sound with another word, but differing in meaning from it, is used in place of that other. +The when clauses in (11), as the which clauses in (3), are formed on the same plan, have their words in the same order. This principle of Parallel Construction, requireing like ideas to be expressed alike, holds also in phrases, as in (10) and (14), Lesson 28, and in (14) and (15), Lesson 46, and holds supremely with sentences in the paragraph, as is explained on page 168. Parallel construction contributes to the clearness, and consequently to the force, of expression.
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