Section 16-3 IDENTIFYING ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

The restrictive AdjC usually identifies (iAdjC).
Principle 15
In this case the noun in the imbed has a specific reference. Figure 1 diagrams an identifying adjective clause.
(1)The man who is stealing that cup will have to admit to it.
i.A man is stealing that cup.[specific man]
m.This man will have to admit to it.iAdjC
(2)One of the shop windows he paused before was that of a second-hand bookshop. — George Eliot.
i.He paused before some shop windows.
m.One of these shop windows was that of a second-hand book-shop.iAdjC
Diagram of an Identifying Adjective Clause
VIEW Identifying Adjective Clause [iAdjC]
In example (3) there is a disjunctive clause in the imbed.
(3)The birds that come about one's door in winter or that build in his trees in summer, what a peculiar interest they have. — Burroughs.
ia.Birds come about one’s door in winter.
ib.Birds build in his trees in summer.Disj (CL)
m.These birds, what a peculiar interest they have.iAdjC

The connectives of the identifying adjective clause.  
As with any AdjC the connectives for an iAdjC are the pronouns who, which, whose, and that and sometimes the adverb as. That always makes the AdjC restrictive and so is often preferred for an iAdjC. The use of which and who(m) seems to be needed stylistically when the antecedent has a definite article the or demonstrative this, that. Another reason for using who(m) or which is that the antecedent is object of a preposition.
Connective principle 11Connective principle 11e
(1)That country is the fairest which is inhabited by the noblest minds. — Emerson.
i.Some country is inhabited by the noblest minds.
m.That country is the fairest.iAdjC
(2)Alas! the silence which was then settling on that aged ear was an everlasting silence! — De Quincey.
i.Silence was then settling on that aged ear.
m.Alas! this silence was an everlasting silence!iAdjC
(3)So I had arrived in Venice, and I had felt the influence of that complex spell which she lays upon the stranger. — Howells.
a.So I had arrived in Venice.
bi.She lays a complex spell upon the stranger.
bm.I had felt the influence of that complex spell.iAdjC; Conj (CL)
(4)Glossy hammock-cloths concealed the persons of those who were on the deck, while the close bulwarks gave the brigantine the air of a vessel equipped for war. — Cooper.
ai.Some were on the deck.
am.Glossy hammock-cloths concealed the persons of these.iAdjC
b.The close bulwarks gave the brigantine the air of a vessel equipped for war.Conj (CL)
(5)Every thing around me wore that happy look which makes the heart glad. — Longfellow.
i.Some happy look makes the heart glad.
m.Every thing around me wore that happy look.iAdjC

The adverb connective as with an identifying adjective clause.  
We can recognize certain iAdjC by the connective as when preceded by the postpositive identifier same. This construction brings with it the idea that the noun antecedent has the full degree of application to the situation it describes. (For the further analysis of the alternative comparative in the imbed see in §21-2.)
Connective principle 11f
(1)Their military code bore the same stern features as their other laws. — Prescott.
i.Their other laws bore certain stern features.
m.Their military code bore the same stern features.iAdjC
Concomitant with the compounding of parts comes the problem of deixis. We try to distinguish the meaning (reference) of the various nouns in the paraphrastic version using subscripting.
(2)The parts and sails of the foremast and mainmast of a ship bear the same names as those of the brig. — Kimball.
(E)The parts and sails of the foremast and mainmast of a ship bear the same names as the respective masts of the brig.
iaa.The parts of the foremast of the brig bear certain names1.
iab.The sails of the foremast of the brig bear certain names2.Conj (N)
iba.The parts of the mainmast of the brig bear certain names3.
ibb.The sails of the mainmast of the brig bear certain names4.Conj (N) Conj (N)
maa.The parts of the foremast of a ship bear the same names1.
mab.The sails of the foremast of a ship bear the same names2.Conj (N)
mba.The parts of the mainmast of a ship bear the same names3.
mbb.The sails of the mainmast of a ship bear the same names4.Conj (N) Conj (N) iAdjC
VIEW Emphatic Identifying Adjective Clause [eiAdjC]
The word certain is a specifier introduced in [P19]. It appears that in the paraphrase the word same is also a specifier with a deictic element to it. In the combined clauses same would be a complemented adverb of degree, here used to emphasize the full identity of the two objects compared. We usually call a clause introduced with as an equipollent clause of degree. This, however, is an identifying adjective clause. We choose to call this equipollent degree of indentity an emphatic identifying adjective clause (eiAdjC). Rule [S85d] assures that the emphatic element (EMP) here is [+Equipollent].

Nominal use of the identifying adjective clause.  
As was noted in the chapter that discussed the indefinite noun clause, there are some uses where the two constructions are indistinguishable from each other. There are two ways to look at the construction: either it is a AdjC wtih a pronoun antecedent, or an identifying IndNC in apposition to the pronoun antecedent. Example (1) has an additional conjunctive clause in a justification-sequentive relationship.
(1)Blessed is he who has found his work; let him ask no other blessing. — Carlyle.
i.Someone may have found his work.
ma.Blessed is he.
mb.(For this reason I say ) Let him ask no other blessing.jConj (CL); iIndNC (PredN as Subj)
(2)I dare do all that may become a man. — Kimball.
i.Something may become a man.
m.I dare do all of this.iAdjC
(3)One that goes in a nurse may come out an angel. — Holmes.
i.Someone goes in a nurse.
m.This one may come out an angel.iIndNC (Subj as Subj)
(4)We must not wonder that the outside of books is so different, when the inner nature of those for whom they are written is so changed. — Bagehot
i.Books are written for some (people).
m=i.The inner nature of these (people) is so changed.iAdjC
m=i.The outside of books is so different despite this.CncC
m.We must not wonder at this.DecNC (ObjP)

Adverbial uses of the identifying adjective clause.  
As with the cAdjC it is possible for the antecedent of an iAdjC to be an noun referring to time or space. Sometimes this situation hardly effects the structure of the cAdjC, but sometimes the clause then uses an adverbial connective. (There are further examples of this kind of iAdjCs in the second paragraph of §21-2.)
(1)Soon Stephen went down from the Hoe, and returned in the direction whence he had come. — T. Hardy.
a.Soon Stephen went down from the Hoe.
bi.He had come from some place.
bm.(Then) he returned in the direction of this place.iAdjC (Loc); tConj (CL)
(2)Times of heroism are generally times of terror, but the day never shines in which this element may not work. — Emerson.
a.Times of heroism are generally times of terror.
bi.This element may not work in some day.
bm.(However,) the day never shines on that day.iAdjC (Tem); Advers (CL)
(3)Broad steps ascended to a terrace broad,
Whereon lay still light from the open door. — James Thomson.
i.Broad steps ascended to a terrace broad.
m.On these broad steps lay still light from the open door.iAdjC (Loc)
(4)We wish that whosoever, in all coming time, shall turn his eye hither, may behold that the place is not undistinguished, where the first great battle of the Revolution was fought. — Webster.
i1.Many a one, in all coming time, shall turn his eye hither.
i2.The first great battle of the Revolution was fought in some place.
m2=i3.This place is not undistinguished.iAdjC (Loc)
m1,3=i.Someone of this kind may behold this thing.IndNC (Subj as Subj)
m.We wish this thing.DecNC (Obj)
(5)The crow boasts from the moment his loud voice first comes back to his ears from the echoing hillside, he steals from the time he sees the corn blades start from the furrow. — Bolles.
ai.The crow’s loud voice first comes back to his ears from the echoing hillside at some time.
am.He boasts from this moment.
bi.He sees the corn blades start from the furrow at some time.
bm.He steals from this time.Conj (PRED); iAdjC (Tem)
In the following the iAdjC exemplifies its use with a TemC connective. The nAdjC has acquired the added force of a causative-sequentive.
(6)The Turk, who believes that his doom is written on the iron leaf in the moment when he entered the world, rushes on the enemy's sabre with undivided will. — Emerson.
i.The Turk entered the world at some moment.
m=i.His doom may be written on the iron leaf in this moment.iAdjC (Tem)
m=m.He believes this.DecNC (Obj)
i.He rushes on the enemy's sabre with undivided will (for this reason).nAdjC

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